Select an Orthopaedic Specialty and Learn More
Use our specialty filter and search function to find information about specific orthopaedic conditions, treatments, anatomy, and more, quickly and easily.
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- Muscle Disorders
- Sports Medicine
Cramps or Charley Horse
A charley horse, or cramp, is an involuntary, forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax, resulting in sudden and intense pain. Cramps can affect any muscle under your voluntary control (skeletal muscle), and can involve part or all of a muscle, or several muscles in a group. The most commonly affected muscle groups are: back of the lower leg/calf (gastrocnemius), back of the thigh (hamstrings), and front of the thigh (quadriceps).
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- Hand & Wrist
De Quervain’s Tendinitis
De Quervain’s tendinitis occurs when the tendons around the base of the thumb become irritated or swollen, causing the synovium around the tendon to swell and changing the shape of the compartment, which makes it difficult for the tendons to move properly.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Sports Medicine
Fractures
A fracture is a broken bone. Although bones are rigid, they do bend with limited flexibility when outside force is applied. When that force is too great, the bone will fracture. Common causes of fractures include: trauma, such as auto or sports-related accidents; osteoporosis, which can weaken the bone; or overuse caused by repetitive motion that can tire muscles and place excess force on the bone, resulting in stress fractures like those most often seen in athletes.
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- Arthritis
- Hand & Wrist
- Joint Disorders
Hand & Wrist Arthritis
There are many small joints in the hand and wrist that work together to produce the fine motion necessary to perform detailed tasks such as threading a needle or tying a shoelace. When one or more of these joints is affected by arthritis, even simple activities can become difficult. Although there are many types of arthritis, most fall into one of two major categories: osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, or RA.
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- Joint Disorders
- Knee
- Pediatric Injuries
- Sports Medicine
Jumper’s Knee
Repetitive contraction of the quadriceps muscles in the thigh can stress the patellar tendon where it attaches to the kneecap, causing inflammation and tissue damage (patellar tendinitis). For a child, this repetitive stress on the tendon can irritate and injure the growth plate, resulting in a condition referred to as Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease.
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- Joint Disorders
- Knee
Knee Osteonecrosis
Osteonecrosis, which literally means “bone death,” is a painful condition that develops when a segment of bone loses its blood supply and begins to die. Osteonecrosis of the knee most often occurs in the knobby portion of the thighbone, on the inside of the knee (medial femoral condyle). It may also occur on the outside of the knee (lateral femoral condyle) or on the flat top of the lower leg bone (tibial plateau).
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- Neck and Back (Spine)
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common cause of pain in the lower back and legs. As we grow older, our spines change and over time, normal wear-and-tear and the effects of aging can lead to a narrowing of the spinal canal (spinal stenosis). This puts pressure on the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots, and may cause pain, numbness or weakness in the legs.
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- Joint Disorders
- Neck and Back (Spine)
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction (SI Joint Pain)
Sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SI joint pain) is a painful condition resulting from improper or abnormal movement of the sacroiliac joints. Generally more common in young and middle-aged women, sacroiliac joint dysfunction can cause inflammation of the joints (sacroiliitis), as well as pain that occurs in the lower back, buttocks or legs.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Sports Medicine
Stress Fracture
Stress fractures are common sports injuries that occur due to overuse. As muscles become increasingly fatigued and less able to absorb the added shock of a sports activity, the overload of stress is eventually transferred to the bone, resulting in a tiny crack called a stress fracture.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Hand & Wrist
- Joint Disorders
- Ligament Disorders
- Sports Medicine
Wrist Sprains
Sprained wrists are often caused by a fall, such as onto an outstretched hand, or when the joint is bent forcefully or suddenly twisted. Wrist sprains are graded according to the degree of injury to the ligaments, and they can range from mild to severe.
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