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Use our specialty filter and search function to find information about specific orthopaedic conditions, treatments, anatomy, and more, quickly and easily.
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- Muscle Disorders
- Sports Medicine
Cramps or Charley Horse
A charley horse, or cramp, is an involuntary, forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax, resulting in sudden and intense pain. Cramps can affect any muscle under your voluntary control (skeletal muscle), and can involve part or all of a muscle, or several muscles in a group. The most commonly affected muscle groups are: back of the lower leg/calf (gastrocnemius), back of the thigh (hamstrings), and front of the thigh (quadriceps).
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- Foot & Ankle
Equinus
When the ankle joint lacks flexibility and upward, toes-to-shin movement of the foot (dorsiflexion) is limited, the condition is called equinus. Equinus is a result of tightness in the Achilles tendon or calf muscles (the soleus muscle and/or gastrocnemius muscle) and it may be either congenital or acquired. This condition is found equally in men and women, and it can occur in one foot, or both.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Sports Medicine
Fractures
A fracture is a broken bone. Although bones are rigid, they do bend with limited flexibility when outside force is applied. When that force is too great, the bone will fracture. Common causes of fractures include: trauma, such as auto or sports-related accidents; osteoporosis, which can weaken the bone; or overuse caused by repetitive motion that can tire muscles and place excess force on the bone, resulting in stress fractures like those most often seen in athletes.
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- Arthritis
- Hip
- Joint Disorders
- Joint Replacement & Revision
Hip Arthritis
Hip arthritis is a leading cause of hip pain and stiffness. Arthritis is the loss of the normal protective cartilage that covers the bones. When this cartilage or “padding” of the bone breaks down and is lost, areas of raw bone become exposed. When large areas of bone are exposed, they grind against each other with standing and walking. This is “bone on bone” arthritis and is usually painful.
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- Arthritis
- Joint Disorders
- Knee
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
Knee Arthritis
The knee is one of the most commonly involved joints with arthritis. Arthritis is the loss of the normal protective cartilage that covers the bones. When this cartilage or “padding” of the bone breaks down and is lost, areas of raw bone become exposed and grind against each other with standing and walking. This is “bone on bone” arthritis and is usually painful.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Ligament Disorders
- Muscle Disorders
- Neck and Back (Spine)
Low Back Pain
The most common causes of lower back pain are strains and sprains to the muscles, tendons or ligaments of the low back, ranging from simple overstretching injuries to partial or complete tears. the muscles surrounding the injured area typically become inflamed, causing back spasms that result in severe lower back pain and difficulty moving.
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- Knee
- Pediatric Injuries
- Sports Medicine
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
In Osgood-Schlatter disease, children have pain at the front of the knee due to inflammation of the growth plate (tibial tubercle) at the upper end of the shinbone (tibia). When a child participates in sports or other strenuous activities, the quadriceps muscles of the thigh pull on the patellar tendon which, in turn, pulls on the tibial tubercle. In some children, this repetitive traction on the tubercle leads to the inflammation, swelling and tenderness of an overuse injury.
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- Neck and Back (Spine)
- Pediatric Injuries
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
- Sports Medicine
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis
Many people with spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis do not experience obvious symptoms or pain. Often, a patient visits the doctor for activity-related lower back pain, only to be surprised by the diagnosis. Patients may experience what feels like a muscle strain, with pain that spreads across lower back, and is sometimes accompanied by leg pain. Spondylolisthesis can also cause spasms that stiffen the back and tighten hamstring muscles, resulting in changes to posture and gain.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Hand & Wrist
- Joint Disorders
- Ligament Disorders
- Sports Medicine
Wrist Sprains
Sprained wrists are often caused by a fall, such as onto an outstretched hand, or when the joint is bent forcefully or suddenly twisted. Wrist sprains are graded according to the degree of injury to the ligaments, and they can range from mild to severe.
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