Select an Orthopaedic Specialty and Learn More
Use our specialty filter and search function to find information about specific orthopaedic conditions, treatments, anatomy, and more, quickly and easily.
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- Muscle Disorders
- Sports Medicine
Cramps or Charley Horse
A charley horse, or cramp, is an involuntary, forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax, resulting in sudden and intense pain. Cramps can affect any muscle under your voluntary control (skeletal muscle), and can involve part or all of a muscle, or several muscles in a group. The most commonly affected muscle groups are: back of the lower leg/calf (gastrocnemius), back of the thigh (hamstrings), and front of the thigh (quadriceps).
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- Foot & Ankle
Equinus
When the ankle joint lacks flexibility and upward, toes-to-shin movement of the foot (dorsiflexion) is limited, the condition is called equinus. Equinus is a result of tightness in the Achilles tendon or calf muscles (the soleus muscle and/or gastrocnemius muscle) and it may be either congenital or acquired. This condition is found equally in men and women, and it can occur in one foot, or both.
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- Foot & Ankle
- Joint Disorders
Hallux Rigidus (Stiff Big Toe)
Hallux rigidus usually develops in adults 30-60 and occurs most commonly at the base of the big toe, or MTP joint. When articular cartilage in the MTP joint is damaged by wear-and-tear or injury, the raw bone ends can rub together and a spur, or overgrowth, may develop on the top of the bone. Because the MTP joint must bend with each step, hallux rigidus can make walking painful and difficult.
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- Arthritis
- Hip
- Joint Disorders
- Joint Replacement & Revision
Hip Arthritis
Hip arthritis is a leading cause of hip pain and stiffness. Arthritis is the loss of the normal protective cartilage that covers the bones. When this cartilage or “padding” of the bone breaks down and is lost, areas of raw bone become exposed. When large areas of bone are exposed, they grind against each other with standing and walking. This is “bone on bone” arthritis and is usually painful.
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- Joint Disorders
- Knee
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
- Sports Medicine
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (Runner’s Knee)
Patellofemoral pain syndrome is a broad term used to describe pain in the front of the knee and around the kneecap. Although it can occur in nonathletes, it is sometimes called “runner’s knee” or “jumper’s knee” because it is most common in people who participate in sports—particularly females and young adults.
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- Foot & Ankle
- Ligament Disorders
Plantar Fasciitis
Although the plantar fascia is designed to absorb the high stresses and strains placed on the feet, sometimes too much pressure can damage or tear these tissues. The body’s natural response to such an injury is inflammation, which results in heel pain and stiffness of plantar fasciitis.
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- Joint Disorders
- Neck and Back (Spine)
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction (SI Joint Pain)
Sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SI joint pain) is a painful condition resulting from improper or abnormal movement of the sacroiliac joints. Generally more common in young and middle-aged women, sacroiliac joint dysfunction can cause inflammation of the joints (sacroiliitis), as well as pain that occurs in the lower back, buttocks or legs.
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- Joint Disorders
- Shoulder
- Sports Medicine
SLAP Tear
A SLAP (Superior Labrum Anterior and Posterior) tear is an injury to the top (or superior) part of the labrum. SLAP tears can be the result of acute trauma, or repetitive overhead sports, such as throwing athletes or weightlifters, have an increased risk of injury to the superior labrum. Many SLAP tears are the result of a wearing down of the labrum that occurs slowly over time.
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