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Use our specialty filter and search function to find information about specific orthopaedic conditions, treatments, anatomy, and more, quickly and easily.
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- Joint Disorders
- Shoulder
- Sports Medicine
AC Joint Inflammation
The AC (acromioclavicular) joint is formed where a portion of the scapula and clavicle meet and are held together by ligaments that act like tethers to keep the bones in place. Inflammation of the AC joint is a frequent cause of pain in the top portion of the shoulder.
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- Arthritis
- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Joint Disorders
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
- Shoulder
- Sports Medicine
AC Joint Issues
Although many things can happen to the AC joint, the most common conditions are fractures, arthritis and separations. When the AC joint is separated, it means that the ligaments are torn and can no longer keep the clavicle and acromion properly aligned. Arthritis in the joint is characterized by a loss of the cartilage that allows bones to move smoothly and is essentially due to wear and tear.
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- Foot & Ankle
- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Sports Medicine
Ankle Sprain
When a ligament is forced to stretch beyond its normal range, a sprain occurs. A severe sprain causes actual tearing of the elastic fibers of the ligament. A sprained ankle is a very common injury that produces pain and swelling.
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- Neck and Back (Spine)
- Pediatric Injuries
Backpack Safety
Backpacks that are too heavy or are worn incorrectly can cause a variety of problems for people of any age, especially children and teenagers. An improperly used backpack can injure muscles and joints, leading to severe back, neck and shoulder pain, as well as posture problems. However, backpacks do not cause scoliosis.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Neck and Back (Spine)
- Sports Medicine
Cervical Fracture (Broken Neck)
A cervical fracture (broken neck) is a fracture or break that occurs in one of the seven cervical vertebrae. Following an acute neck injury, patients may experience shock and/or paralysis, as well as bruising or swelling at the back of the neck. Conscious patients may experience severe neck pain, but this is not necessarily the case.
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- Neck and Back (Spine)
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
Cervical Radiculopathy (Pinched Nerve)
When there is inflammation, compression (pressure), or irritation of a nerve root exiting the spine, the nerve may be unable to conduct sensory impulses to the brain appropriately, leading to varying degrees of discomfort and pain. The majority of patients with cervical radiculopathy, or a pinched nerve, get better over time, with no need for surgery or any type of treatment at all.
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- Arthritis
- Elbow
- Joint Disorders
Elbow Arthritis
Elbow arthritis is a common cause of elbow pain and stiffness, but is less common than arthritis in other joints of the body. Arthritis is the loss of the normal protective cartilage that covers the bones. When this cartilage or “padding” of the bone breaks down and is lost, areas of raw bone become exposed. When large areas of bone are exposed, they grind against each other with standing and walking. This is “bone on bone” arthritis and is usually painful.
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- Hand & Wrist
Flexor Tendon Injuries
Anatomy Tendons are tissues that connect muscles to bone. When muscles contract, tendons pull on bones, causing parts of the body to move. Long tendons extend from muscles in the […]
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Pediatric Injuries
- Sports Medicine
Growth Plate Fractures
A child’s long bones do not grow from the center outward. Instead, growth occurs in the growth plates—areas of developing cartilage located near the ends of long bones. The growth plate regulates growth and helps determine the length and shape of the mature bone. A child’s bones heal faster than an adult’s so it is extremely important for your child’s injured bone to receive proper treatment immediately, before it can begin to heal.
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- Hip
- Joint Disorders
- Minimally Invasive Surgery (Arthroscopy)
Hip Arthroscopy
Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used by orthopedic surgeons to visualize, diagnose and treat a wide range of problems inside the joint. During hip arthroscopy, a small camera (arthroscope) is inserted into the hip joint and images from inside the hip are displayed on a video monitor.
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- Joint Disorders
- Knee
- Pediatric Injuries
- Sports Medicine
Jumper’s Knee
Repetitive contraction of the quadriceps muscles in the thigh can stress the patellar tendon where it attaches to the kneecap, causing inflammation and tissue damage (patellar tendinitis). For a child, this repetitive stress on the tendon can irritate and injure the growth plate, resulting in a condition referred to as Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease.
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- Joint Disorders
- Knee
- Minimally Invasive Surgery (Arthroscopy)
Knee Arthroscopy
Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used by orthopaedic surgeons to visualize, diagnose and treat problems inside the joint. Your doctor may recommend knee arthroscopy if you have a painful condition that does not respond to nonsurgical treatments such as rest, physical therapy, and medications or injections to reduce inflammation.
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- Foot & Ankle
Morton’s Neuroma
Morton’s neuroma is not actually a tumor—it is a thickening of the tissue that surrounds the digital nerve leading to the toes. Morton’s neuroma most frequently develops between the third and fourth toes, and occurs where the nerve passes under the ligament connecting the toe bones (metatarsals) in the forefoot.
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- Joint Disorders
- Joint Replacement & Revision
- Knee
Partial Knee Replacement
Unicompartmental (or partial) knee replacement is an option for a small percentage of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee that is limited to a single compartment of the knee. During this procedure, only the damaged compartment is replaced with metal and plastic, while the healthy cartilage and bone in the rest of the knee is left alone.
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- Joint Disorders
- Neck and Back (Spine)
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction (SI Joint Pain)
Sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SI joint pain) is a painful condition resulting from improper or abnormal movement of the sacroiliac joints. Generally more common in young and middle-aged women, sacroiliac joint dysfunction can cause inflammation of the joints (sacroiliitis), as well as pain that occurs in the lower back, buttocks or legs.
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- Hip
- Neck and Back (Spine)
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
Sciatica
Most common between 30 and 50 years of age, sciatica is a pain in your lower back or hip that radiates to the back of your thigh and into your leg. Often people think that the source of the pain is the buttock, hip or thigh and seek medical care for a “hip” problem only to learn that the source of the pain is the lower back.
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- Foot & Ankle
- Pediatric Injuries
- Sports Medicine
Sever’s Disease
Sever’s disease (also known as osteochondrosis or apophysitis) is an inflammatory condition of the growth plate in the heel bone (calcaneus). One of most common causes of heel pain in children, Sever’s Disease often occurs during adolescence when children hit a growth spurt.
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- Joint Disorders
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
- Shoulder
- Sports Medicine
Shoulder Impingement
Rotator cuff pain commonly causes tenderness in the front and side of the shoulder. There may be pain and stiffness when lifting the arm, or when lowering the arm from an elevated position.
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- Neck and Back (Spine)
- Pediatric Injuries
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
- Sports Medicine
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis
Many people with spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis do not experience obvious symptoms or pain. Often, a patient visits the doctor for activity-related lower back pain, only to be surprised by the diagnosis. Patients may experience what feels like a muscle strain, with pain that spreads across lower back, and is sometimes accompanied by leg pain. Spondylolisthesis can also cause spasms that stiffen the back and tighten hamstring muscles, resulting in changes to posture and gain.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Ligament Disorders
- Muscle Disorders
- Sports Medicine
Sprains & Strains
A sprain is the stretching or tearing of ligaments that connect one bone to another, often caused by a fall or sudden twisting of a joint. A strain can be a simple stretch in a muscle or tendon (the fibrous cords of tissue that attach muscles to bone), or it can be a partial or complete tear in the muscle-tendon combination.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Muscle Disorders
- Sports Medicine
Thigh Muscle Strain
Muscle strains usually happen when a muscle is stretched beyond its limit, tearing the muscle fibers. They frequently occur near the point where the muscle joins the tough, fibrous connective tissue of the tendon. A similar injury occurs if there is a direct blow to the muscle. Muscle strains are graded according to their severity.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Neck and Back (Spine)
Thoracic & Lumbar Spine Fracture
The most common spinal fractures occur in the thoracic (midback) and lumbar (lower back) spine, or where the two connect (thoracolumbar junction). There are several types of thoracic and lumbar spine fractures, and classification is based upon pattern of injury and whether or not the spinal cord has also been injured. Identifying the type of fracture can help your physician determine the most appropriate treatment.
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