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Use our specialty filter and search function to find information about specific orthopaedic conditions, treatments, anatomy, and more, quickly and easily.
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- Joint Disorders
- Shoulder
- Sports Medicine
AC Joint Inflammation
The AC (acromioclavicular) joint is formed where a portion of the scapula and clavicle meet and are held together by ligaments that act like tethers to keep the bones in place. Inflammation of the AC joint is a frequent cause of pain in the top portion of the shoulder.
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- Arthritis
- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Joint Disorders
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
- Shoulder
- Sports Medicine
AC Joint Issues
Although many things can happen to the AC joint, the most common conditions are fractures, arthritis and separations. When the AC joint is separated, it means that the ligaments are torn and can no longer keep the clavicle and acromion properly aligned. Arthritis in the joint is characterized by a loss of the cartilage that allows bones to move smoothly and is essentially due to wear and tear.
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- Joint Disorders
- Ligament Disorders
- Muscle Disorders
- Shoulder
Chronic Shoulder Instability
Chronic shoulder instability is the persistent inability of these tissues to keep the arm centered in the shoulder socket, so the shoulder is loose and slips out of place repeatedly. Once a shoulder has dislocated, or the shoulder’s ligaments, tendons and muscles become loose or torn, that shoulder is vulnerable to repeated dislocations.
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- Foot & Ankle
Equinus
When the ankle joint lacks flexibility and upward, toes-to-shin movement of the foot (dorsiflexion) is limited, the condition is called equinus. Equinus is a result of tightness in the Achilles tendon or calf muscles (the soleus muscle and/or gastrocnemius muscle) and it may be either congenital or acquired. This condition is found equally in men and women, and it can occur in one foot, or both.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Sports Medicine
Fractures
A fracture is a broken bone. Although bones are rigid, they do bend with limited flexibility when outside force is applied. When that force is too great, the bone will fracture. Common causes of fractures include: trauma, such as auto or sports-related accidents; osteoporosis, which can weaken the bone; or overuse caused by repetitive motion that can tire muscles and place excess force on the bone, resulting in stress fractures like those most often seen in athletes.
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- Foot & Ankle
- Joint Disorders
Hallux Rigidus (Stiff Big Toe)
Hallux rigidus usually develops in adults 30-60 and occurs most commonly at the base of the big toe, or MTP joint. When articular cartilage in the MTP joint is damaged by wear-and-tear or injury, the raw bone ends can rub together and a spur, or overgrowth, may develop on the top of the bone. Because the MTP joint must bend with each step, hallux rigidus can make walking painful and difficult.
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- Hip
- Joint Disorders
Hip Osteonecrosis
Osteonecrosis of the hip is a painful condition that develops when the blood supply to the femoral head is disrupted. Without adequate nourishment, the bone in the head of the femur dies and gradually collapses. This causes the articular cartilage covering the hip bones to also collapse, leading to disabling arthritis and destruction of the hip joint.
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- Joint Disorders
- Knee
- Pediatric Injuries
- Sports Medicine
Jumper’s Knee
Repetitive contraction of the quadriceps muscles in the thigh can stress the patellar tendon where it attaches to the kneecap, causing inflammation and tissue damage (patellar tendinitis). For a child, this repetitive stress on the tendon can irritate and injure the growth plate, resulting in a condition referred to as Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Ligament Disorders
- Muscle Disorders
- Neck and Back (Spine)
Low Back Pain
The most common causes of lower back pain are strains and sprains to the muscles, tendons or ligaments of the low back, ranging from simple overstretching injuries to partial or complete tears. the muscles surrounding the injured area typically become inflamed, causing back spasms that result in severe lower back pain and difficulty moving.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Neck and Back (Spine)
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
Osteoporosis & Spinal Fractures
When too much pressure is placed on a vertebra weakened by osteoporosis, the patient may suffer a vertebral compression fracture. Fractures caused by osteoporosis often occur in the spine. Vertebrae weakened by osteoporosis are at high risk for fracture.
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- Hip
- Neck and Back (Spine)
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
Sciatica
Most common between 30 and 50 years of age, sciatica is a pain in your lower back or hip that radiates to the back of your thigh and into your leg. Often people think that the source of the pain is the buttock, hip or thigh and seek medical care for a “hip” problem only to learn that the source of the pain is the lower back.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Ligament Disorders
- Muscle Disorders
- Sports Medicine
Sprains & Strains
A sprain is the stretching or tearing of ligaments that connect one bone to another, often caused by a fall or sudden twisting of a joint. A strain can be a simple stretch in a muscle or tendon (the fibrous cords of tissue that attach muscles to bone), or it can be a partial or complete tear in the muscle-tendon combination.
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