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Use our specialty filter and search function to find information about specific orthopaedic conditions, treatments, anatomy, and more, quickly and easily.
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- Arthritis
- Joint Disorders
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
Arthritis Overview
According to estimates, one in every five people living in the United States has signs or symptoms of arthritis in at least one joint. There are many types of arthritis, but most fall into one of two major categories: osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, or RA. Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in the United States and it affects millions of people. Approximately half of all sufferers are under age 50.
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- Arthritis
- Elbow
- Joint Disorders
Elbow Arthritis
Elbow arthritis is a common cause of elbow pain and stiffness, but is less common than arthritis in other joints of the body. Arthritis is the loss of the normal protective cartilage that covers the bones. When this cartilage or “padding” of the bone breaks down and is lost, areas of raw bone become exposed. When large areas of bone are exposed, they grind against each other with standing and walking. This is “bone on bone” arthritis and is usually painful.
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- Joint Disorders
- Shoulder
Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)
In frozen shoulder, also called adhesive capsulitis, the tissues of the shoulder capsule become thick, stiff and inflamed. Stiff bands of tissue (adhesions) develop and, in many cases, there is a decrease in the synovial fluid needed to lubricate the joint properly. Over time the shoulder becomes extremely difficult to move, even with assistance. Frozen shoulder generally improves over time, however it may take up to 3 years
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- Foot & Ankle
- Joint Disorders
Hallux Rigidus (Stiff Big Toe)
Hallux rigidus usually develops in adults 30-60 and occurs most commonly at the base of the big toe, or MTP joint. When articular cartilage in the MTP joint is damaged by wear-and-tear or injury, the raw bone ends can rub together and a spur, or overgrowth, may develop on the top of the bone. Because the MTP joint must bend with each step, hallux rigidus can make walking painful and difficult.
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- Hip
- Joint Disorders
Hip Osteonecrosis
Osteonecrosis of the hip is a painful condition that develops when the blood supply to the femoral head is disrupted. Without adequate nourishment, the bone in the head of the femur dies and gradually collapses. This causes the articular cartilage covering the hip bones to also collapse, leading to disabling arthritis and destruction of the hip joint.
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- Arthritis
- Joint Disorders
- Knee
Knee Osteotomy
Osteotomy literally means “cutting of the bone.” When early-stage osteoarthritis has damaged just one side of the knee joint, or when malalignment of the knee causes increased stress to ligaments or cartilage, a knee osteotomy may be performed to reshape either the tibia (shinbone) or femur (thighbone) to relieve pressure on the joint.
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- Neck and Back (Spine)
- Pediatric Injuries
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
Kyphosis (Roundback) of the Spine
The term kyphosis is used to describe the spinal curve that results in an abnormally rounded back. Although some degree of rounded curvature of the spine is normal, a kyphotic curve that is more than 50° is considered abnormal. There are several types and causes of kyphosis: postural kyphosis, Scheuermann’s kyphosis, and congenital kyphosis.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Ligament Disorders
- Muscle Disorders
- Neck and Back (Spine)
Low Back Pain
The most common causes of lower back pain are strains and sprains to the muscles, tendons or ligaments of the low back, ranging from simple overstretching injuries to partial or complete tears. the muscles surrounding the injured area typically become inflamed, causing back spasms that result in severe lower back pain and difficulty moving.
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- Foot & Ankle
- Ligament Disorders
Plantar Fasciitis
Although the plantar fascia is designed to absorb the high stresses and strains placed on the feet, sometimes too much pressure can damage or tear these tissues. The body’s natural response to such an injury is inflammation, which results in heel pain and stiffness of plantar fasciitis.
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- Joint Disorders
- Joint Replacement & Revision
- Shoulder
Shoulder Replacement
In shoulder replacement surgery, the damaged parts of the shoulder are removed and replaced with artificial components, called prosthesis. Options include replacement of only the ball (head of the humerus bone), or replacement of both the ball and the socket (glenoid).
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Sports Medicine
Stress Fracture
Stress fractures are common sports injuries that occur due to overuse. As muscles become increasingly fatigued and less able to absorb the added shock of a sports activity, the overload of stress is eventually transferred to the bone, resulting in a tiny crack called a stress fracture.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Neck and Back (Spine)
Thoracic & Lumbar Spine Fracture
The most common spinal fractures occur in the thoracic (midback) and lumbar (lower back) spine, or where the two connect (thoracolumbar junction). There are several types of thoracic and lumbar spine fractures, and classification is based upon pattern of injury and whether or not the spinal cord has also been injured. Identifying the type of fracture can help your physician determine the most appropriate treatment.
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