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Use our specialty filter and search function to find information about specific orthopaedic conditions, treatments, anatomy, and more, quickly and easily.
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- Foot & Ankle
- Joint Disorders
Bunions
A bunion is a bump on the MTP joint, on the inner border of the foot. Bunions are made of bone and soft tissue, covered by skin that may be red and tender. Prolonged wearing of poorly fitting shoes is by far the most common cause of bunions, especially styles that feature a narrow, pointed toe box that squeezes the toes into an unnatural position. Bunions also have a strong genetic component.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Knee
- Ligament Disorders
- Sports Medicine
Collateral Ligament Injuries (MCL, LCL)
Knee ligament sprains or tears are a common sports injury, and the MCL is injured more often than the LCL. The MCL is the most commonly injured ligament in the knee. However, due to the complex anatomy of the outside of the knee, an injury to the LCL usually includes injury to other structures in the joint, as well. Athletes who participate in direct contact sports like football or soccer are more likely to injure their collateral ligaments.
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- Joint Disorders
- Shoulder
Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)
In frozen shoulder, also called adhesive capsulitis, the tissues of the shoulder capsule become thick, stiff and inflamed. Stiff bands of tissue (adhesions) develop and, in many cases, there is a decrease in the synovial fluid needed to lubricate the joint properly. Over time the shoulder becomes extremely difficult to move, even with assistance. Frozen shoulder generally improves over time, however it may take up to 3 years
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- Arthritis
- Elbow
- Joint Disorders
- Sports Medicine
Loose Body in the Elbow
Loose bodies are small fragments of bone or cartilage that have broken off inside a joint. As these fragments float free within the elbow, they can cause pain and even get caught in the moving parts of the joint.
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- Foot & Ankle
Morton’s Neuroma
Morton’s neuroma is not actually a tumor—it is a thickening of the tissue that surrounds the digital nerve leading to the toes. Morton’s neuroma most frequently develops between the third and fourth toes, and occurs where the nerve passes under the ligament connecting the toe bones (metatarsals) in the forefoot.
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- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
PM&R or Physiatry Overview
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), or physiatry, is one of 24 medical specialties certified by the American Board of Medical Specialties. This branch of medicine emphasizes the prevention, diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment of disorders related to nerves, muscles and bones that affect movement.
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- Neck and Back (Spine)
- Pediatric Injuries
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)
- Sports Medicine
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis
Many people with spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis do not experience obvious symptoms or pain. Often, a patient visits the doctor for activity-related lower back pain, only to be surprised by the diagnosis. Patients may experience what feels like a muscle strain, with pain that spreads across lower back, and is sometimes accompanied by leg pain. Spondylolisthesis can also cause spasms that stiffen the back and tighten hamstring muscles, resulting in changes to posture and gain.
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- Elbow
- Joint Disorders
- Sports Medicine
Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)
Lateral epicondylitis, more commonly known as tennis elbow, is a painful condition that occurs when overuse results in inflammation of the tendons that join the forearm muscles on the outside of the elbow. Recent studies show that tennis elbow is often due to damage to the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), a specific forearm muscle that helps stabilize the wrist when the elbow is straight.
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- Fractures, Sprains & Strains
- Hand & Wrist
- Joint Disorders
- Ligament Disorders
- Sports Medicine
Wrist Sprains
Sprained wrists are often caused by a fall, such as onto an outstretched hand, or when the joint is bent forcefully or suddenly twisted. Wrist sprains are graded according to the degree of injury to the ligaments, and they can range from mild to severe.
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