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    • Foot & Ankle
    • Joint Disorders

    Bunions

    A bunion is a bump on the MTP joint, on the inner border of the foot. Bunions are made of bone and soft tissue, covered by skin that may be red and tender. Prolonged wearing of poorly fitting shoes is by far the most common cause of bunions, especially styles that feature a narrow, pointed toe box that squeezes the toes into an unnatural position. Bunions also have a strong genetic component.

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    • Fractures, Sprains & Strains
    • Knee
    • Ligament Disorders
    • Sports Medicine

    Combined Knee Ligament Injuries

    Because the knee joint relies just on ligaments and surrounding muscles for stability, it is easily injured. Direct contact to the knee or hard muscle contraction, such as changing direction rapidly while running, can injure a knee ligament. It is possible to injure two or more ligaments at the same time. Multiple injuries can have serious complications, such as disrupting blood supply to the leg or affecting nerves that supply the limb’s muscles.

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    • Muscle Disorders
    • Sports Medicine

    Cramps or Charley Horse

    A charley horse, or cramp, is an involuntary, forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax, resulting in sudden and intense pain. Cramps can affect any muscle under your voluntary control (skeletal muscle), and can involve part or all of a muscle, or several muscles in a group. The most commonly affected muscle groups are: back of the lower leg/calf (gastrocnemius), back of the thigh (hamstrings), and front of the thigh (quadriceps).

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    • Foot & Ankle

    Equinus

    When the ankle joint lacks flexibility and upward, toes-to-shin movement of the foot (dorsiflexion) is limited, the condition is called equinus. Equinus is a result of tightness in the Achilles tendon or calf muscles (the soleus muscle and/or gastrocnemius muscle) and it may be either congenital or acquired. This condition is found equally in men and women, and it can occur in one foot, or both.

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    • Fractures, Sprains & Strains
    • Sports Medicine

    Fractures

    A fracture is a broken bone. Although bones are rigid, they do bend with limited flexibility when outside force is applied. When that force is too great, the bone will fracture. Common causes of fractures include: trauma, such as auto or sports-related accidents; osteoporosis, which can weaken the bone; or overuse caused by repetitive motion that can tire muscles and place excess force on the bone, resulting in stress fractures like those most often seen in athletes.

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    • Arthritis
    • Hand & Wrist
    • Joint Disorders

    Hand & Wrist Arthritis

    There are many small joints in the hand and wrist that work together to produce the fine motion necessary to perform detailed tasks such as threading a needle or tying a shoelace. When one or more of these joints is affected by arthritis, even simple activities can become difficult. Although there are many types of arthritis, most fall into one of two major categories: osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, or RA.

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    • Joint Disorders
    • Knee
    • Pediatric Injuries
    • Sports Medicine

    Jumper’s Knee

    Repetitive contraction of the quadriceps muscles in the thigh can stress the patellar tendon where it attaches to the kneecap, causing inflammation and tissue damage (patellar tendinitis). For a child, this repetitive stress on the tendon can irritate and injure the growth plate, resulting in a condition referred to as Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease.

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    • Joint Disorders
    • Knee

    Knee Osteonecrosis

    Osteonecrosis, which literally means “bone death,” is a painful condition that develops when a segment of bone loses its blood supply and begins to die. Osteonecrosis of the knee most often occurs in the knobby portion of the thighbone, on the inside of the knee (medial femoral condyle). It may also occur on the outside of the knee (lateral femoral condyle) or on the flat top of the lower leg bone (tibial plateau).

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    • Elbow
    • Fractures, Sprains & Strains
    • Joint Disorders

    Radial Head Fractures of the Elbow

    Although attempting to break a fall with outstretched hands may be an instinctive response, the force of the impact can travel up the forearm and result in a dislocated elbow or break in the radius, which often occurs in the radial head.

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    • Fractures, Sprains & Strains
    • Muscle Disorders
    • Sports Medicine

    Thigh Muscle Strain

    Muscle strains usually happen when a muscle is stretched beyond its limit, tearing the muscle fibers. They frequently occur near the point where the muscle joins the tough, fibrous connective tissue of the tendon. A similar injury occurs if there is a direct blow to the muscle. Muscle strains are graded according to their severity.

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    • Hand & Wrist

    Trigger Finger

    With trigger finger, when you try to straighten your finger, the tendon becomes momentarily stuck at the mouth of the tendon sheath tunnel. As the tendon slips through the tight area, you might feel a pop as your finger suddenly shoots straight out. Symptoms may include: a tender lump in your palm, swelling, a catching or popping sensation in finger or thumb joints, and pain when bending or straightening a finger.

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