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    • Muscle Disorders
    • Sports Medicine

    Cramps or Charley Horse

    A charley horse, or cramp, is an involuntary, forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax, resulting in sudden and intense pain. Cramps can affect any muscle under your voluntary control (skeletal muscle), and can involve part or all of a muscle, or several muscles in a group. The most commonly affected muscle groups are: back of the lower leg/calf (gastrocnemius), back of the thigh (hamstrings), and front of the thigh (quadriceps).

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    • Foot & Ankle

    Equinus

    When the ankle joint lacks flexibility and upward, toes-to-shin movement of the foot (dorsiflexion) is limited, the condition is called equinus. Equinus is a result of tightness in the Achilles tendon or calf muscles (the soleus muscle and/or gastrocnemius muscle) and it may be either congenital or acquired. This condition is found equally in men and women, and it can occur in one foot, or both.

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    • Hip
    • Joint Disorders

    Hip Osteonecrosis

    Osteonecrosis of the hip is a painful condition that develops when the blood supply to the femoral head is disrupted. Without adequate nourishment, the bone in the head of the femur dies and gradually collapses. This causes the articular cartilage covering the hip bones to also collapse, leading to disabling arthritis and destruction of the hip joint.

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    • Arthritis
    • Joint Disorders
    • Knee
    • Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R)

    Knee Arthritis

    The knee is one of the most commonly involved joints with arthritis. Arthritis is the loss of the normal protective cartilage that covers the bones. When this cartilage or “padding” of the bone breaks down and is lost, areas of raw bone become exposed and grind against each other with standing and walking. This is “bone on bone” arthritis and is usually painful.

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    • Joint Disorders
    • Knee

    Knee Osteonecrosis

    Osteonecrosis, which literally means “bone death,” is a painful condition that develops when a segment of bone loses its blood supply and begins to die. Osteonecrosis of the knee most often occurs in the knobby portion of the thighbone, on the inside of the knee (medial femoral condyle). It may also occur on the outside of the knee (lateral femoral condyle) or on the flat top of the lower leg bone (tibial plateau).

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    • Foot & Ankle
    • Ligament Disorders

    Plantar Fasciitis

    Although the plantar fascia is designed to absorb the high stresses and strains placed on the feet, sometimes too much pressure can damage or tear these tissues. The body’s natural response to such an injury is inflammation, which results in heel pain and stiffness of plantar fasciitis.

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    • Foot & Ankle
    • Sports Medicine

    Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction

    Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is one of the most common problems of the foot and ankle. It occurs when the tendon becomes inflamed or torn, which impairs the tendon’s ability to provide stability and support for the arch of the foot, resulting in flatfoot.

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    • Neck and Back (Spine)

    Preventing Back Pain

    Back pain can vary according to the individual and underlying cause. The pain may dull, achy, sharp, stabbing, or it may feel like a cramp, or “charley horse.” The intensity of pain may worsen with certain activities, such as bending, lifting, standing, walking or sitting.

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    • Joint Disorders
    • Joint Replacement & Revision
    • Shoulder

    Shoulder Replacement

    In shoulder replacement surgery, the damaged parts of the shoulder are removed and replaced with artificial components, called prosthesis. Options include replacement of only the ball (head of the humerus bone), or replacement of both the ball and the socket (glenoid).

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    • Joint Disorders
    • Joint Replacement & Revision
    • Knee

    Total Knee Replacement (Knee Arthroplasty)

    People who benefit from total knee replacement surgery often experience one or more of the following: severe knee pain or stiffness that limits everyday activities; difficulty walking more than a few blocks without pain or support; moderate or severe pain while resting, day or night; chronic knee inflammation and swelling that does not improve with rest or medication; knee deformity; failure to substantially improve with treatments.

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